{"id":39,"date":"2025-04-29T18:11:37","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T16:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diplomaticid.com\/?page_id=39"},"modified":"2025-07-09T19:20:04","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T17:20:04","slug":"faqs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/diplomaticid.com\/?page_id=39","title":{"rendered":"FAQ"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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FAQs<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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What is the Unrepresented United Nations (UUN)? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The UUN supports peoples and nations that do not have official representation, helping them express their positions and gain recognition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What does imperialism mean? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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It is the policy of a state to dominate others, whether economically, militarily, or politically. It has existed since the era of the great European empires.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What is an underrepresented nation? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIt is a group that, despite having a cultural and political identity, does not have full representation in international forums such as the UN.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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How can I participate in the UUN? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYou can join as a volunteer, collaborator, or roving diplomat. Check out our contact page!\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Do UUNs have international recognition? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe UUN operates as an alternative platform for unrepresented peoples, offering a legitimate avenue for global visibility.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Why was the Diplomacy 2.0 Manual created? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Diplomacy 2.0 Manual was conceived as a strategic and practical tool for individuals and groups who, despite performing diplomatic functions, lack formal recognition from States or the United Nations, and who have been historically silenced or made invisible. It’s designed for those who need to represent without status, speak without a microphone, and sit at the table without being invited, reinventing diplomacy from marginality, narrative creativity, and emotional intelligence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Who is that manual for? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The manual Diplomacy 2.0 is not intended for foreign ministry officials or representatives of fully recognized States. Its natural audience includes representatives of unrecognized or disputed territories, such as governments in exile or autonomous entities; members of self-determination or indigenous sovereignty movements; delegates of collective causes or stateless peoples; and political and social actors without official representation who perform advocacy or negotiation functions. It is also useful for activists, researchers, journalists, and NGO members who collaborate with Diplomacy 2.0 processes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What is the concept of \"Diplomacy 2.0\"? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The concept of “Diplomacy 2.0” describes an evolution of traditional diplomacy towards a more dynamic, digital model adapted to current challenges. It focuses on the ability of actors to exercise political influence and representation using digital tools, social networks, and technological platforms, extending beyond States to include micronations, unrecognized entities, global corporations, NGOs, and digital communities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What is a \"Diplomat 2.0\"? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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A “Diplomat 2.0” is a professional who combines the classic functions of diplomacy (negotiation, representation, citizen protection) with skills in digital communication, online reputation management, public diplomacy, and cybersecurity. This role not only operates in embassies and foreign ministries but also actively uses virtual forums, social networks, and digital media to carry out their work of representation and defense of interests. Above all, they are a bridge-builder between different actors and realities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What is not a \"Diplomat 2.0\"? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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It’s important to clarify that a Diplomat 2.0 is not an improviser; even if they don’t act from a formal structure, their work must be professional, strategic, and ethical. They are not a unilateral spokesperson but must maintain a constant link with their community and be accountable. They are not a provocateur; their goal is to open spaces and build dialogue. Finally, they are not a depoliticized actor, as even when acting in cultural or symbolic realms, they do so with a clear political intentionality, representing collective interests.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What are the main functions of a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The main functions of a Diplomat 2.0 include international political articulation (connecting their cause with relevant actors and processes), narrative advocacy (promoting their own narrative against dominant versions), building symbolic legitimacy (projecting the dignity of their cause through discourses and symbols), informal and institutional negotiation (managing agreements through unconventional channels), and cultural or emotional diplomacy (activating links based on identity and human connection).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Who can be considered a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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A Diplomat 2.0 is someone who represents an actor (territory, government, community, cause) that is not officially recognized by most States or multilateral organizations. Their functions are generally mobile, creative, and often informal, without access to embassies or immunities. Their profile is hybrid and multifaceted, potentially being political leaders, community leaders, activists, academics, or communicators. Their legitimacy emanates from their community and the cause they defend, not from state authority.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Why is stateless diplomacy a historical necessity? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Diplomacy is not exclusive to recognized States. Throughout history, communities, peoples, and liberation movements have sought international interlocution long before consolidating as States or without ever having done so. Cases like the African National Congress (ANC), the PLO, or the Tibetan government in exile demonstrate that diplomatic action does not depend on formal recognition but on the need to represent a cause and articulate it strategically on the international stage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What role does \"symbolic power\" play in Diplomacy 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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In the absence of embassies, conventions, or official memberships, the Diplomacy 2.0 Manual emphasizes symbolic power, social legitimacy, language, and behavior as instruments of political interlocution. What sustains the work of the Diplomat 2.0 is their ability to generate trust, build bridges, project coherence, and represent collective causes with dignity and astuteness through these non-formal elements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What thematic areas does the Diplomacy 2.0 Manual cover? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The manual is organized around six central axes: protocol adapted to low-visibility contexts; strategic communication in hostile or ambiguous environments; building symbolic and narrative legitimacy; rules of conduct in informal multilateral spaces; establishing contacts with non-governmental actors; and conflict management, public perception, and crisis management.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What is diplomatic immunity? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Diplomatic immunity is an international legal principle primarily established in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Its purpose is to protect diplomats and foreign missions from the civil, criminal, and administrative jurisdiction of the receiving State, not as a personal privilege, but to ensure the free and effective performance of their diplomatic functions, based on the principles of sovereignty and equality among States.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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When does diplomatic immunity apply? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Diplomatic immunity arises from the moment the diplomat is accredited and accepted by the receiving State, which occurs through the delivery of credentials. This protection extends throughout the mission and, in certain aspects, even after its completion, covering personal inviolability, immunity from jurisdiction, and tax exemptions, among others.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What are the limits of diplomatic immunity? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Diplomatic immunity is not absolute and has limits. It is intended to protect the exercise of official functions; it is not an unlimited personal right. There are specific legal exceptions for civil lawsuits related to private real estate in the receiving State, private inheritance proceedings, or professional\/commercial activities unrelated to their functions. Furthermore, the receiving State can declare the diplomat persona non grata<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What does diplomatic immunity not cover? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Although a diplomat enjoys immunity, this does not exempt them from international consequences for serious crimes such as drug trafficking, terrorism, money laundering, human trafficking, or international crimes (genocide, war crimes). While the receiving State cannot prosecute them while they hold immunity, it can declare them persona non grata<\/em>, expel them, and request the accrediting State to waive their immunity. Nor does it protect against private contractual obligations if they relate to personal commercial activities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What is the difference between diplomatic immunity and courtesy treatment? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Diplomatic immunity is an internationally protected and codified legal right (e.g., in the Vienna Convention), with binding legal force. In contrast, courtesy treatment is not a legal right but a discretionary practice derived from reciprocity and good relations between entities. It is granted by the receiving State according to its sovereignty and political convenience, and can be revoked at any time without violating international treaties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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How can diplomatic immunity be substituted with courtesy treatment for a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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For the Diplomat 2.0, in the absence of an international legal framework granting immunity, a model of “reinforced courtesy treatment” can be applied. This is based on the receiving State’s sovereignty to grant special treatment, the 1969 Convention on Special Missions (for temporary immunities), bilateral agreements or Memoranda of Understanding (MoU), and international custom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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What does the practical application of courtesy treatment allow? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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In practice, courtesy treatment can include the use of private diplomatic credentials (such as Diplomatic ID or Diplomatic Passport) which do not grant immunity but identify the bearer as a representative. It allows for recognition at international events, participation in forums, and access to diplomatic facilities or conferences. It can also facilitate logistics, such as preferred border crossing, consular assistance, or permits to use diplomatic insignia, always at the discretion of the receiving State.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Does a Diplomat 2.0 automatically enjoy diplomatic immunity? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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No, a Diplomat 2.0 does not automatically enjoy diplomatic immunity unless they are formally accredited to a sovereign State or an international organization under recognized treaties like the 1961 Vienna Convention. The concept of Diplomat 2.0 is a functional evolution, but it does not create legal immunity per se.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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In what specific cases can a Diplomat 2.0 obtain immunity? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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A Diplomat 2.0 can have immunity only in three cases:<\/p>\n

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  • If officially appointed by an internationally accredited sovereign State and accepted by the receiving State, within the framework of the Vienna Convention.<\/li>\n
  • If they are part of a special mission recognized under the Convention on Special Missions (1969), where immunity is temporary and limited to the mission, if the receiving State accepts it.<\/li>\n
  • If there are bilateral, multilateral agreements or Memoranda of Understanding that expressly recognize immunities or privileges for that figure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    Does the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations apply to a de facto State? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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    The Vienna Convention does not automatically apply to a de facto State, as it is designed to govern relations between sovereign States mutually recognized as full subjects of international law. A de facto State does not automatically acquire the rights and obligations of this Convention without formal or tacit recognition by the receiving State. However, a de facto State can obtain the functional application of the Convention if the receiving State decides to recognize, even in a limited way, its status through agreements or the acceptance of missions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    What does \"recognition\" mean in international relations? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u00a0In diplomacy, recognition is the action by which a State or an international organization accepts the existence and legitimacy of another actor as a valid interlocutor. It is a sovereign act and a political, interested, and strategic decision that can be explicit, tacit, total, or limited.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    What is tacit recognition? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Tacit recognition occurs when a State, organization, or entity formally interacts with another actor without an express declaration of recognition, but its actions, relations, or dealings reflect a de facto acceptance of its existence or functional capacity. This can manifest through the signing of specific agreements, joint participation in forums, or the exchange of representative offices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    What types of recognition exist in International Law? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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    The main types of recognition include:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Recognition of States:<\/strong> Acceptance of another as a full subject of international law with sovereignty and territory.<\/li>\n
    • Recognition of Governments:<\/strong> Acceptance of the legitimacy of a specific government, allowing diplomatic relations to be maintained.<\/li>\n
    • Functional or Limited Recognition:<\/strong> Allowing an entity to act in specific areas or participate in organizations without recognizing its full sovereignty.<\/li>\n
    • Tacit Recognition:<\/strong> Interaction that implies practical acceptance, without a formal act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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      How does functional recognition apply to the Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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      The figure of the Diplomat 2.0 fits into the model of functional and tacit recognition. They are not a full subject of international law but an operational representative of non-state entities, micronations, or alternative projects. This recognition can arise from Memoranda of Understanding, participation in alternative diplomatic networks, or deferential treatment by international courtesy, granting operational legitimacy and access to informal diplomatic channels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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      What does \"symbolic sovereignty\" mean for a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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      In the absence of recognized legal sovereignty, many 2.0 actors exercise “symbolic sovereignty.” This involves producing and publicizing their own symbols (flags, anthems), narrating a collective history, acting as if they already had formal recognition, and generating their own structure. Symbolic sovereignty creates a sense of identity, projects existence, and attracts solidarity, potentially preparing for or anticipating legal sovereignty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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      What are \"gray spaces\" in diplomacy and how does a Diplomat 2.0 leverage them? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \u00a0“Gray spaces” are informal or semi-formal spaces where Diplomat 2.0s can act with relative effectiveness. They include forums parallel to major summits (social, indigenous), international organizations with “special observer” status, international networks of cities or civil society, and global and digital media. These spaces, while not replacing official forums, allow for visibility, articulation, and the building of legitimacy through alternative channels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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      Who are structurally excluded from the international system and why? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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      The current international system excludes multiple actors who do not fit the traditional state model due to:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Unresolved territorial disputes (Western Sahara, Kurdistan).<\/li>\n
      • Uncompleted self-determination processes (indigenous peoples, independence movements).<\/li>\n
      • Governments in exile lacking formal recognition.<\/li>\n
      • Non-state actors with international projection (social movements, transnational networks) who are not considered diplomatic subjects. Exclusion responds to power dynamics, fear of precedents, and geopolitical interests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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        What is \"Terra Nullius\" and are there current examples? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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        \u00a0“Terra Nullius” is a concept in international law meaning “nobody’s land,” applied to territories not under the sovereignty of any recognized State and not effectively occupied. To be considered as such, it must not be claimed or occupied by any State, nor be under the jurisdiction of a recognized international authority. It is very rare today; known examples include Bir Tawil (between Egypt and Sudan) and Antarcticland, claimed by S.A.S. Giovanni Caporaso Gottlieb, which operates under a concept of “functional frozen terra nullius.”<\/p>\n

        What new forms of legitimacy have emerged on the global stage for non-state actors?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        In addition to state recognition, new sources of legitimacy have emerged for unrecognized actors:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Legitimacy from human rights:<\/strong> Adherence to universal values like self-determination and justice.<\/li>\n
        • Legitimacy from global civil society:<\/strong> Broad support from NGOs, social movements, and public figures.<\/li>\n
        • Narrative legitimacy:<\/strong> The ability to impose one’s own narrative on the conflict, values, and proposed future.<\/li>\n
        • Legitimacy through ethical coherence:<\/strong> Consistent, ethical, and respectful personal and collective conduct, which strengthens credibility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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          What is the role of international organizations regarding unrecognized actors? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Multilateral organizations do not always deny all interlocution with unrecognized actors. There are limited channels such as observer status for non-state movements or governments, participation in thematic or technical forums (health, culture, gender), receipt of reports by human rights mechanisms, and the inclusion of informal delegations in peace processes (with voice, but without vote). Knowing these mechanisms allows for designing entry strategies or lateral participation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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          Why is ethics the basis of 2.0 legitimacy? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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          When formal recognition is lacking, symbolic and moral legitimacy becomes the main source of authority for the Diplomat 2.0. This legitimacy is built and sustained through clear ethical principles, such as coherence between discourse and action, honesty, respect for community principles, and integrity in hostile contexts. A Diplomat 2.0 cannot be separated from their message; what they do and how they do it is inseparable from what they represent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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          What are the fundamental ethical principles that should guide the Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Fundamental ethical principles include:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Coherence:<\/strong> Acting in accordance with proclaimed values.<\/li>\n
          • Loyalty to the mandate:<\/strong> Representing the community and being accountable, avoiding personal protagonism.<\/li>\n
          • Respect for diversity:<\/strong> Acting with intercultural sensitivity and respect for internal plurality.<\/li>\n
          • Strategic discretion:<\/strong> Knowing when to speak and when to remain silent in risky contexts.<\/li>\n
          • Internal transparency:<\/strong> Informing represented communities about actions and agreements.<\/li>\n
          • Non-instrumentalization:<\/strong> Not using the cause as a personal springboard or victims as a spectacle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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            How is the Diplomat 2.0's bond with their community cultivated? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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            The bond with the community is a living political relationship that must be cultivated with care, humility, and active listening. It involves regularly participating in collective decision-making spaces, recognizing personal representation limits, and knowing how to distinguish the urgent from the important. A Diplomat 2.0 must be a bridge that amplifies voices, not replaces them, as disconnecting from their base can lead to losing credibility with third parties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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            What are the key objectives of Diplomacy 2.0 representation? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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            Common objectives of Diplomacy 2.0 action include:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Making the cause visible:<\/strong> Ensuring the international community and media know its existence, history, and claims.<\/li>\n
            • Humanizing the conflict:<\/strong> Affirming the human face of the struggle against reductive narratives.<\/li>\n
            • Building narrative legitimacy:<\/strong> Telling the story strategically and empathetically, disputing meanings.<\/li>\n
            • Gaining allies:<\/strong> Expanding the international support network in key sectors.<\/li>\n
            • Influencing decisions:<\/strong> Impacting resolutions, declarations, or funding, even without formal voting rights.<\/li>\n
            • Preparing conditions for recognition:<\/strong> Paving the way for future forms of sovereignty or official interlocution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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              What frequent ethical tensions does a Diplomat 2.0 face? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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              The Diplomat 2.0 faces ethical tensions such as:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Visibility vs. security:<\/strong> How much exposure is desirable when there is a risk of persecution.<\/li>\n
              • Discretion vs. transparency:<\/strong> How to balance confidentiality in negotiations with the duty to be accountable to the community.<\/li>\n
              • Internal loyalty vs. external alliances:<\/strong> What to do if an international alliance requires moderating discourse or making aspects of identity invisible.<\/li>\n
              • Representation vs. personal protagonism:<\/strong> How to prevent the representative’s figure from overshadowing the cause or becoming an end in itself. There are no single answers, but a situated ethical guide is required to debate and act with integrity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                Why does a Diplomat 2.0 need an adapted protocol? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                Traditional diplomatic protocol is designed for recognized States, but Diplomat 2.0s often operate in low-visibility spaces, with questioned legitimacy and absent official protocols. This requires an adapted, flexible, strategic, and discreet protocol that preserves dignity, avoids unnecessary confrontations, and maximizes the symbolic and political impact of each action.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                How does protocol function as a political tool for a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                For a Diplomat 2.0, protocol is not an empty formality but a non-verbal language and a manifestation of power and respect. It serves to:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Affirm symbolic legitimacy:<\/strong> Projects authority and seriousness through appearance and actions.<\/li>\n
                • Avoid confrontations:<\/strong> A sober and adapted protocol reduces the risk of rejection.<\/li>\n
                • Generate empathy and respect:<\/strong> Attention to behavioral details facilitates connections.<\/li>\n
                • Manage ambiguous spaces:<\/strong> Adapts presence to each scenario without losing dignity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                  What are the basic principles for a Protocol 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                  Key principles include:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Simplicity and sobriety:<\/strong> Avoiding ostentation or unauthorized insignia that could be provocative.<\/li>\n
                  • Contextual flexibility:<\/strong> Adjusting protocol to the unwritten rules of each space (academic, NGO, civil society).<\/li>\n
                  • Universal respect and courtesy:<\/strong> Treating all interlocutors with respect to strengthen a dignified and professional image.<\/li>\n
                  • Discretion and message control:<\/strong> Protecting sensitive information and managing one’s own narrative carefully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                    How should a Diplomat 2.0 dress and use symbols? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    Formal but simple attire is recommended, projecting respect without being overly conspicuous. Uniforms, medals, or symbols that might cause rejection or misunderstandings should be avoided, preferring discreet symbols (like pins or colors) that express identity without confronting.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                    How should a Diplomat 2.0 behave towards governments that do not recognize their legitimacy? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    Towards a hostile government, the Diplomat 2.0 must maintain a formal but firm attitude, avoiding provocations or gestures that justify rejection. It is crucial to prioritize seeking indirect or informal communication channels and documenting every encounter to ensure transparency with one’s own community. Dignity and firmness are symbolic capital that builds respect.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                    Why is strategic communication critical for Diplomats 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    Communication is the backbone of diplomacy, but for Diplomats 2.0, it takes on an even more critical dimension because they must convey clear, legitimate, and credible messages in contexts where they are often viewed with suspicion, ignored, or rejected. Their legitimacy is questioned, official channels are blocked, and there is a risk of surveillance or censorship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                    What are the objectives of strategic communication for a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    Objectives include:<\/p>\n

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                    • Building and strengthening symbolic and political legitimacy.<\/li>\n
                    • Mobilizing international support among civil society, media, and academia.<\/li>\n
                    • Countering adverse or false narratives.<\/li>\n
                    • Protecting the safety and privacy of represented individuals and groups.<\/li>\n
                    • Generating alliances through respectful and effective dialogue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                      Who are the key audiences for a Diplomat 2.0's communication? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                      It is essential to identify and segment audiences to adapt messages:<\/p>\n

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                      • Internal audience:<\/strong> Community, political bases, sympathizers (prioritize transparency and cohesion).<\/li>\n
                      • International actors:<\/strong> NGOs, multilateral organizations, academic networks.<\/li>\n
                      • Media:<\/strong> International press, digital media.<\/li>\n
                      • Governments and official diplomats:<\/strong> Even if they don’t recognize, they can be strategic interlocutors.<\/li>\n
                      • General public:<\/strong> To generate sympathy and global awareness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                        What are the characteristics of key messages in Diplomacy 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                        Messages must be clear and direct, avoiding technical jargon. They must be consistent to maintain a coherent narrative. It is crucial that they are empathetic, connecting with universal values such as justice and human rights, and contextually appropriate, adapting the discourse according to the recipient and situation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                        What channels and media can a Diplomat 2.0 use? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                        Diplomats 2.0 use a combination of:<\/p>\n

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                        • Traditional channels:<\/strong> Press releases, press conferences, conferences.<\/li>\n
                        • Digital media:<\/strong> Social networks (X, LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram), blogs, podcasts, video conferences to reach global audiences at low cost.<\/li>\n
                        • Personal networks:<\/strong> Direct contacts with journalists, academics, activists.<\/li>\n
                        • Alliances with 2.0 media and academic publications to legitimize.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                          How should communication crises be managed? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          In vulnerable contexts, crises are frequent. It is recommended to prepare a crisis communication plan with key messages and trained spokespeople. It is vital to respond quickly with clear data to avoid speculation, not to feed rumors or engage in public confrontations without a strategy, and to maintain coherence and transparency without revealing sensitive information. Relying on networks of allies is also crucial.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                          What is symbolic legitimacy and why is it important for a Diplomat 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          Symbolic legitimacy is an actor’s ability to be perceived as valid, worthy of respect, and trustworthy, not by official titles, but by their connection to shared values, memories, and emotions. For Diplomats 2.0, it is a fundamental resource because it allows them to open spaces for dialogue, form alliances, and gain support even without formal recognition. It is an authority founded on symbolic representation rather than legality.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                          What is the \"power of narrative\" in Diplomacy 2.0? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          In every political dispute, narrative is the terrain where the perception of reality is fought. The way a cause is told determines who is “right,” who gains sympathy, and who influences agendas. It is not just a story but a complex construction of symbols, characters, history, and visions of the future. For Diplomacy 2.0, telling one’s own story strategically is essential to dispute meanings and project a legitimate and just future.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                          What are the key elements for building an effective narrative? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          An effective narrative must combine:<\/p>\n

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                          • Clear collective identity:<\/strong> Defining who the represented are and what unites them.<\/li>\n
                          • Shared historical memory:<\/strong> Integrating common history with its achievements and sufferings.<\/li>\n
                          • Values and principles:<\/strong> Anchoring oneself in universal values such as human rights and justice.<\/li>\n
                          • Actors and protagonists:<\/strong> Including emblematic figures, leaders, and testimonies that humanize the cause.<\/li>\n
                          • Vision of the future:<\/strong> Projecting a horizon of hope and possibilities that is concrete and desirable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                            What is the role of the Diplomat 2.0 as a storyteller? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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                            The Diplomat 2.0 is, in essence, a political storyteller. Their function is to translate the complexity of the represented reality into narratives that can be understood, empathized with, and valued internationally. This requires communication skills, cultural sensitivity, and integrity to tell the story without distortion or manipulation, combining political rationality with the symbolic power of words and images<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t